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Mr. Roman Biology Homework |
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CHAPTER ONETHE SCIENCE OF LIFEDirections: On your own paper, answer the following true/false, multiple choice and completion questions. I. True/False 1. The study of biology can help you better understand human reproduction 2. Almost all organisms ultimately get their energy for survival from the sun. 3. All living things are composed of chemicals. 4. Both amoeba and paramecium are multicellular. 5. Both amoeba and paramecium have DNA in their cells. 6. Reproduction ensures the ongoing success for amoeba and paramecium. 7. The amoeba and paramecium both show organization. 8. Unlike the paramecium, the amoeba does not have to maintain a stable internal environment. 9. Scientists have not discovered any new species on Earth in more than 20 years. 10. A scientist who performs an experiment has no idea what the outcome of the experiment is going to be. 11. A theory is a hypothesis that has been proven true. 12. A theory is an assumption made by scientists and implies a lack of certainty. 13. Publication of the results of scientific investigations enables other scientists to verify these results. 14. Scientific investigations always follow a series or rigidly defined steps. 15. Resolution is a microscope’s power to increase an object’s apparent size. 16. The resolution power of an electron microscope is limited by the physical characteristics of light. 17. Units of time are not measured in metric units, so time measurements are not accepted for use with SI units. II. Multiple Choice: 1. Biology is the study of: a. Minerals b. b. Life c. c. The weather d. d. Energy 2. All organisms possess DNA. DNA a. Creates energy for the cells b. Allows sensitivity to environmental stimuli c. Contains information for growth and development d. Captures energy from the sun 3. Instructions for development that are passed from parents to offspring are known as a. A species plan b. Organ codes c. Genes d. Natural selections 4. As a characteristic of all living things, homeostasis relates most directly to which of the following biological themes? a. Interacting systems b. Stability c. Evolution d. Scale and structure 5. Homeostasis means a. A change over long periods of time b. Keeping things the same c. Rapid change d. The same thing as evolution 6. Ecology a. Refers to change in species over time b. Refers to a delicate internal balance within organisms c. Is inconsistent with evolution d. Is the study of communities or organisms in relation to their environment 7. Which of the following is a means by which heterotrophs can obtain energy? a. Using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from the sun to produce sugars b. Using water and carbon dioxide to produce energy-rich compounds c. Consuming autotrophs d. Consuming simple chemicals from the environment and using them to assemble complex chemicals and structures needed by the organism 8. Which of the following is not necessarily a distinct property of living things? a. Homeostasis b. Metabolism c. Complexity d. Reproduction 9. The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called a. Molecules b. Cells c. Organelles d. Species 10. Living things a. Need energy for life processes b. Have the ability to reproduce c. Are composed of cells d. All of the above 11. All organisms are composed of a. Diatoms b. Cellulose c. Cells d. None of the above 12. All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through the process of a. Growth b. Development c. Homeostasis d. Evolution 13. Which of the following is characteristic of all living things? a. Movement b. Growth c. Development d. Cellular organization 14. Which of the following is NOT a partial explanation for our lack of understanding of many of the living things on Earth? a. Many organisms are microscopic in size and therefore difficult to observe b. Many organisms are so different from other organisms that it is difficult to understand them c. Many organisms live in areas of the world that are difficult to explore d. Tropical rain forests contain many species, and it is difficult to find all of them in these dense forests 15. A scientist noticed that in acidic pond water some salamanders developed with curved spines. This was a (n) a. Hypothesis b. Theory c. Observation d. Control 16. Which example of scientific methodology is incorrect? a. Observation – A number of people in Zaire dying of a disease outbreak b. Measurement – A record of the number of people with symptoms of the disease and the number of people who have died from the disease c. Analysis of data – Comparison of the effects of mixing monkey cells with virus containing blood in test tubes and the effects of mixing of liquid from these test tubes with fresh monkey cells d. Inference making – Identification of the Ebola virus as the cause of the disease by using electron micrographs of substances found in the blood of persons affected with the disease 17. The English physician Ronald Ross wanted to try to find the cause of malaria. Based on his observations, Dr. Ross suggested that the Anopheles mosquito might spread malaria from person to person. This suggestion was a a. Prediction b. Hypothesis c. Theory d. Scientific "truth" 18. Dr. Ross knew that the parasite Plasmodium was always found in the blood of malaria patients. He thought that if the Anopheles mosquitoes were responsible for spreading malaria, then Plasmodium would be found in the mosquitoes. This idea was a a. Prediction b. Hypothesis c. Theory d. Scientific "truth" 19. Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of a. Communicating b. Inferring c. Experimenting d. Analyzing data 20. A hypothesis is a. A definite answer to a given problem b. A testable possible explanation of an observation c. A proven statement d. A concluding statement 21. A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is a a. Hypothesis b. Theory c. Prediction d. Controlled experiment 22. A hypothesis that does not explain an observation a. Is known as an inaccurate forecast b. Often predicts a different observation c. Is rejected d. None of the above 23. Scientists usually design experiments a. With a good idea of the expected experimental results b. Based on wild guesses c. In order to develop new laboratory tools d. All of the above 24. A scientific theory a. Is absolutely certain b. Is unchangeable c. May be revised as new evidence is presented d. Is a controlled experiment 25. The word "theory" used in a scientific sense means a. That of which the scientist is most certain b. A guess made with very little knowledge to support it c. An absolute scientific certainty d. None of the above III. Completion: A word bank is provided: control, ecology, meter, function, homeostasis, "publishing in scientific journals + presenting at scientific meetings", theory, hypothesis, predicting, soil, "plants + algae + some bacteria". 1. ______ is the study of a complex community of organisms in relation to their environment and each other. 2. Photosynthetic organisms include ______. 3. All living things must maintain a constant internal environment to function properly through the process of ______. 4. In most multicellular organisms, cells are organized according to their ________. 5. A single gram of ____ may contain as many as 2.5 billion unicellular organisms. 6. An educated guess, or ____, may be tested by experimentation. 7. Stating in advance the result that may be obtained from testing a hypothesis is called _______. 8. A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is a ______. 9. The main means by which scientists communicate with each other are ____________________. 10. A _____ experiment is one in which the condition suspected to cause the effect is compared to the same situation without the suspected condition. 11. The base unit for length in the System International is the _______. IV. Problem 1. Some scientists conducted an experiment in which they evaluated various measurements of human health in people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day. They found no significant differences in these health indicators in the subjects who drank only one cup of coffee a day and those who drank as many as 20 cups a day. They concluded that coffee has no adverse effects on human health. Write your answers to the following questions. A. What were the independent and dependent variables in this experiment? B. Was this a controlled experiment? If so, what were the control and experimental groups? C. Do you agree with the conclusion the scientists’ drew from their results? Why or why not? CHAPTER TWOI. True or False: Number your paper 1 through 12 and write your answer. 1. The types of particles that are located in the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons, and the types of particles that are located in the energy levels surrounding the nucleus are electrons. 2. The atomic number of carbon is 6, so it must contain 12 electrons. 3. Most elements are stable if their outermost energy level contains an even number of electrons. 4. Atoms in a gas move more rapidly than atoms in a liquid or a solid do. 5. The products of an endergonic chemical reaction possess more energy than the reactants from which they are produced. 6. The amount of energy needed to cause a chemical reaction to start is called activation energy. 7. When an enzyme binds with its substrate, the activation energy needed for the chemical reaction to occur is raised. 8. Enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by increasing the activation energy of the reaction. 9. Without enzymes, chemical reactions necessary for life would not occur at a rate sufficient to sustain life. 10. Free hydrogen ions can react with water molecules and form a positively charged ion, the hydronium ion. 11. Bases tend to have a sour taste, while acids tend to have a bitter taste. 12. Buffers can neutralize acids, but they do not affect bases. II. Multiple Choice: Number your paper from 1 through 15 and write the correct letter. 1. Atoms are composed of a. Protons with a positive charge b. Neutrons with no charge c. Electrons with a negative charge d. All of the above 2. The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a. A carbon molecule b. A carbon macromolecule c. A carbon atom d. An element 3. A substance that is composed of only one type of atoms is called a(n) a. Nucleus b. Cell c. Element d. Molecule 4. All matter in the universe is composed of a. Cells b. Molecules c. Atoms d. Carbon 5. The electrons of an atom a. Are found in the nucleus along with the protons b. Orbit the nucleus in various energy levels c. Have a positive charge d. Are attracted to the positive charge of neutrons 6. Atoms that have gained energy a. Have protons and neutrons that move farther apart b. Lose neutrons from the nucleus c. Have electrons that move to higher energy levels d. Absorb electrons into the nucleus 7. Which of the following states of matter contain or contains particles that are tightly linked together in a definite shape? a. Solid b. Liquid c. Gas d. Solid and liquid 8. Because carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level, a. It can form bonds with carbon atoms only b. These atoms are naturally chemically stable c. It can react with up to four other atoms to form covalent bonds d. It cannot react with anything other than organic molecules 9. The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a a. Hydrogen bond b. Nonpolar bond c. Covalent bond d. Water bond 10. Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms a. Results in ion formation b. Occurs in covalent bonds c. Only occurs if both are atoms of the same element d. Is found only among carbon atoms 11. An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called a. A molecule b. A nucleon c. A ion d. An element 12. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond? a. Atoms held together by ionic bonds separate when placed in water while atoms held together by covalent bonds do not separate in water. b. Ionic bonds hold together atoms of two different types, while covalent bonds hold together atoms of the same type. c. Electrons are exchanged between atoms held together by an ionic bond, but they are shared between atoms held together by a covalent bond. d. Ionic bonds form between atoms that carry opposite charges, while covalent bonds form between uncharged atoms. 13. A reaction in which the products have less energy than the reactants is a. An endergonic reaction b. An exergonic reaction c. A filamentous reaction d. Impossible 14. If the products of a chemical reaction contain less energy than the reactants, the reaction must a. Involve the release of energy b. Result in the production of sugar c. Be an energy-storing reaction d. Occur in the cytoplasm of cells 15. All of the activities occurring within cells a. Are driven by chemical reactions b. Result from the random mixing of enzymes c. Cause the fluids in the cell to bubble and fizz d. Result in the production of enzymes III. Completion: Select the word from this word bank to complete the sentence: Water, reactants, products, hydroxide, hydrogen, energy, activation energy, oxidation, reduction, enzyme, solute, hydronium, hydroxide, pH, one thousand. 1. ____ is defined as the ability to cause change to or do work. 2. Substances that are changed when they become involved in chemical reactions are called ________, while the new substances that are formed are called __________. 3. The energy needed to break existing chemical bonds during the initiation of a chemical reaction is called ___________. 4. Chemical reactions can be sped up by adding a _______, which lowers the amount of activation energy required to start the reaction. 5. The loss of electrons from a molecule is called _______, while the gain of electrons by a molecule is called ________. 6. A substance that dissolves in another is called a ________. 7. _________ is the most common solvent in cells. 8. ______ and ________ ions form when water dissociates. 9. An acidic solution is one that has more _____ than ______ ions. 10. A solution with a pH of 3 has ________ times more hydronium ions than a solution with a pH of 6. 11. Buffers are important because body fluids must be maintained within a relatively narrow range of _______. IV. Essay: 1. Describe how an enzyme can function in speeding up a chemical reaction within a cell. I. Multiple Choice 1. Nonpolar molecules have a. No negative or positive poles b. Both negative and positive poles c. Only a negative pole d. Only a positive pole 2. A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called a a. Nonpolar molecule b. Polar molecule c. Charged molecule d. Bipolar molecule 3. Water is important to life because it a. Surrounds all cells b. Is found inside cells c. Influences the shape of a cell membrane d. All of the above 4. Water is a polar molecule because a. It contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom b. It has a charge c. Different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges d. It does not have a charge 5. Water molecules break up other polar substances, a. Such as sugar b. Because of the uneven charge distribution that exists in water molecules c. Thus freeing ions in these substances for use by the body d. All of the above 6. Which of the following characteristics of water is not a result of hydrogen bonding? a. Adhesive strength b. Capillarity c. Cohesive strength d. All of the above are a result of hydrogen bonding 7. All organic compounds contain the element a. C b. N c. Ca d. Na 8. Which 3 elements are often found in organic compounds? a. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen b. Carbon, hydrogen, neon c. Nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen d. Nitrogen, chlorine, phosphorus 9. Carbon is different from most other elements in that a. It has 4 electrons in its outermost energy level b. It readily bonds with other carbon atoms c. It can form single, double or triple bonds with other atoms d. It shares two electrons with another atom when it forms a covalent bond 10. Which of the following is NOT true of alcohols? a. They contain a hydroxyl group b. They are polar molecules c. They can affect processes in living things, either positively or negatively d. They are the only kind of functional group in organic molecules that contain oxygen 11. The formation of ADP and inorganic phosphate from ATP and water is an example of which kind of reaction? a. Condensation b. Polymerization c. Hydrolysis d. Endergonic 12. Which of the following is a carbohydrate? a. DNA b. Insulin c. Wax d. Sucrose 13. Which organic molecule below is classified as a carbohydrate? a. Amino acids b. CH2 chains c. Nucleotides d. Sugars 14. Animals store glucose-containing fragments in the form of a. Cellulose b. Glycogen c. Wax d. Lipids 15. Polysaccharides are a. Carbohydrates b. Lipids c. Proteins d. Unsaturated fats 16. All of the following are examples of carbohydrates except a. Sugar b. Cellulose c. Steroids d. Glycogen 17. Amino acids are monomers of a. Disaccharides b. Proteins c. Nucleotides d. Steroids 18. Which organic molecule below is most closely related to proteins? a. Amino acids b. CH2 chains c. Nucleotides d. Sugars 19. Long chains of amino acids are found in a. Carbohydrates b. Lipids c. Proteins d. Sugars 20. Amino acids are monomers of a. Dissacharides b. Proteins c. Nucleotides d. Steroids 21. Lipids are a. Polar molecules b. Similar to water molecules c. Protein molecules d. Nonpolar molecules 22. All of the following are examples of lipids except a. Saturated fats b. Starch c. Cholesterol d. Earwax 23. Liquid fats called oils contain a. Long CH2 chains linked by double covalent bonds b. Fat molecules lined up side by side c. Many glucose molecules d. More hydrogen atoms than hard fats 24. Lipids are soluble in a. Water b. Salt water c. Oil d. All of the above 25. Which organic molecule below is most closely related to lipids? a. Amino acids b. Ch2 chains c. Nucleotides d. Sugars 26. Which of the following is NOT an organic macromolecule? a. Carbohydrate b. Ice c. Lipid d. Nucleic acid II. Completion: Some words from this word bank can be used more than once. Number your paper from 1 through 11 and place the answer beside the number on your paper. WORDS TO CHOOSE FROM ARE: CONDENSATION, HYDROLYSIS, POLAR, NONPOLAR, HYDROGEN, WATER, FOUR, DOUBLE, POLARITY. 1. Water is very effective at dissolving other polar substances because of its _______________. 2. Breaking of _________ bonds is the first thing that happens when water is heated, which means that it takes a great deal of thermal energy to raise the temperature of water. 3. Because carbon atoms have four electrons in their outermost energy level, they tend to form ______ covalent bonds with other atoms. 4. In the molecule that has the chemical formula C2H4, the carbon atoms are bonded together with a ________ bond. 5. Because oxygen atoms tend to attract positively charged atoms, organic compounds that contain oxygen atoms tend to form _____ bonds. 6. In a condensation reaction, two molecules become linked together and a molecule of ______ is produced. 7. The formation of polymers from monomers occurs as a result of ______ reactions, and the breakdown of polymers into monomers occurs as a result of ______ reactions. 8. Lipids are ______ molecules because they have no negative and positive poles. 9. A phospholipid is a molecule with a _________ head. 10. Lipids are _________ molecules because they have no negative and positive poles. 11. A phospholipid is a molecule with a ___________ head. CHAPTER FOURI. True or False: Directions: Number your paper from 1 to 18. Write true or false next to each number.
II. Multiple Choice: Write the letter (in capitals) beside each number. Number your paper from 1 through 30. a. Living algal cells b. Living human blood cells c. Dead plant cells d. Dead protist cells 2. The smallest units of life in all living things are a. Cells b. Mitochondria c. Cytoplasm d. Golgi apparatus 3. When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area a. Increases at the same rate b. Remains the same c. Increases at a faster rate d. Increases at a slower rate 4. Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because a. The cell can burst if the membrane becomes too large. b. Materials cannot enter the cell if it is too large c. The cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes d. Waste products cannot leave the cell if it is too small 5. The size to which a cell can grow is limited by its a. Location b. Structure c. Function d. Surface area 6. A cell that can change its shape would be well suited for a. Receiving and transmitting nerve impulses b. Covering the body surface c. Moving to different tissues through narrow openings d. All of the above 7. One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that a. Nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes b. Mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes c. Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes d. Prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane 8. Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotes? a. They have a nucleus b. They were found on earth before eukaryotes c. The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes d. None of the above 9. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell? a. Amoeba b. Virus c. Bacterium d. Liver cell 10. Only eukaryotic cells have a. DNA b. Membrane-bound organelles c. Ribosomes d. Cytoplasm 11. Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a cell membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a. Animal b. Plant c. Prokaryote d. Now extinct organism 12. Cell membranes a. Are only found on a smaller number of cells b. Contain genes c. Are made of DNA d. Are thin coverings that surround cells 13. The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called a. The nucleus b. The cell wall c. The nuclear membrane d. The cell membrane 14. A protein that fits into the cell membrane a. Has two polar end sections that bond with water b. Floats in the cell membrane c. Has a nonpolar middle section d. All of the above 15. Cell membranes a. Are only found on a small number of cells b. Contain genes c. Are made of DNA d. Are thin coverings that surround cells 16. The cell membrane a. Encloses the contents of a cell b. Allows material to enter and leave the cell c. Is selectively permeable d. All of the above 17. The shape of a protein is determined by a. The type and order of its amino acids b. Its size c. Its cell location d. None of the above 18. A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a. Organelle b. Organ tissue c. Tissue d. Biocenter 19. A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of a. Chromosomes b. Vacuoles c. Mitochondria d. Walls 20. Golgi apparatus are organelles that a. Receive proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum b. Label the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination c. Release molecules in vesicles d. All of the above 21. One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to the other is the a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Mitochondrion c. Golgi apparatus d. Cytoplasm 22. In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced? a. Mitochondrion b. Endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi apparatus d. Lysosome 23. Numerous threadlike organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called a. Flagella b. Microtubules c. Actin filaments d. Cilia 24. Proteins are made in cells on the a. Mitochondria b. Ribosomes c. Nucleus d. Cell membrane 25. The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the a. Nucleus b. Golgi apparatus c. Central vacuole d. Nuclear envelope 26. The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the a. Nucleolus b. Nuclear wall c. Nucleoplasm d. Nuclear envelope 27. All cells have a. A covering called a membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what information and materials enter and leave it b. An internal fluid that gives shape to the cell and supports the other things within it c. A central zone or nucleus that contains the cell’s genes d. All of the above 28. All of the following are found in both plant and animal cells except, a. A cell wall b. A cell membrane c. Mitochondria d. Endoplasmic reticulum 29. How are chloroplasts like mitochondria? a. They can both use energy from sunlight b. They look alike c. They both manufacture food and release energy d. They are both found in animal cells 30. The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the a. Mitochondria b. Chloroplasts c. Golgi apparatus d. vacuoles CHAPTER FIVETrue or False: Number your paper from 1 through 13 and write true or false beside the number.
Multiple Choice: Number your paper from 1 through 10. Put the letter of the correct answer next to the number.
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